RESUMO
No-till (NT) as a conservation practice aims to minimize soil disturbance and enhance soil sustainability. However, how NT practice affects soil physicochemical and biological properties in soybean areas remains unclear. This study selected 65 high-yielding soybean farms under a long-term NT system in the Brazilian Cerrado and collected soil samples at 0.0-0.10 m (L1), 0.10-0.20 m (L2) and 0.20-0.40 m (L3) depths. The effect of NT on soil properties and interactions with soybean productivities were assessed. Results showed that the average soybean yield of the study areas in the last three years was 4.13 Mg ha-1, with 26 areas presenting yields over 4.20 Mg ha-1. Most studied soil properties showed a depth stratification and were strongly concentrated in L1, except for S, Al3+ and aluminum saturation, which displayed lower surface and higher subsurface concentrations. Moreover, a high proportion of SOM is composed of light SOM fraction in areas of high soybean yield, with the average SOM values of 39.9, 27.8 and 19.6 g kg-1 in L1, L2 and L3, respectively. Soils under long-term NT present moderate values of enzyme activity compared with the relatively low values under conventional tillage system, especially 94 % of the plots have moderate values of activity of arylsulfatase enzymes. The data presented support the conclusion that NT system can enhance soil fertility and biological quality in soybean cultivation. Our results suggest that it is necessary to adopt NT practice because it allows increasing soybean productivity in Brazil without the need to increase the sown area, in addition to increasing productivity associated with an improvement in the agroecosystem quality, thus moving toward a more sustainable agriculture.
Assuntos
Glycine max , Solo , Solo/química , Brasil , Agricultura/métodos , Fenômenos QuímicosRESUMO
This work aimed to verify the allelopathic potential of the extract of
Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o potencial alelopático do extrato de sementes de
Assuntos
Humanos , Bioensaio , Citrus sinensis , Controle de Pragas/métodos , Sementes/efeitos adversos , Estruturas VegetaisRESUMO
Para a avaliação de experimentos com cana-de-açúcar, tem-se recomendado a colheita total de parcelas, algo que, devido aos seus custos, tem se mostrado inexequível. Alternativamente, pode-se estimar a produção com base na tomada de amostras que representem as parcelas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a suficiência amostral em cana-de-açúcar para a estimação da massa dos colmos de parcelas experimentais. Reamostragens com reposição subsidiaram o uso dos modelos da curva potencial, linear e quadrático segmentados com resposta platô e do modelo do coeficiente de variação relativo. Também foram realizados estudos simulados de análise de variância. Os resultados indicaram que amostras de 20 colmos coletados aleatoriamente na parcela experimental permitem estimar adequadamente a variável massa do colmo. Com este valor, serão obtidas avaliações confiáveis da produtividade em colmos.
During the evaluation of the experimental phase, which corresponds to competition experiments and indication of cultivars, is recommended total harvest of plots, which, owing to their costs, can become impracticable. Optionally, one can estimate the production based on taking samples representing plots. The aim of this study was to research the sample sufficiency in sugarcane for estimating the mass of stalks of experimental plots. One used the maximum curvature of the power model, the linear and quadratic segmented models with response plateau and the relative CV model. Studies based on simulated analysis of variance were done also. The application of these models and the ANOVA was supported by bootstrap resamplings. The results indicated that a sample made by 20 stalks harvested in plot can be used for estimating properly the variable mass of the stalk. This value may be used for estimating the sugarcane yield per hectare.
RESUMO
Modelos não lineares são adequados para a descrição da liberação de nutrientes, uma vez que estimam quantidades de interesse prático e apresentam boa qualidade de ajuste. Embora seu processo inferencial seja baseado em argumentos assintóticos, existem meios de se conhecer a intensidade da não linearidade. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a não linearidade de dois modelos de regressão não linear por meio das curvaturas de Bates e Watts, vício de Box e do estudo das propriedades amostrais dos estimadores de mínimos quadrados, obtido por simulação. Os dados são provenientes do estudo, ao longo do tempo, da liberação de K de quatro estercos animais em combinação com dois solos. O modelo Exponencial foi mais adequado, em termos inferenciais e para aplicação prática, uma vez que por todas as medidas apresentou menor não linearidade.
Nonlinear models are appropriate to describe nutrient release, since they estimate quantities of practical interest and they have goodness of fit. Although its inferential process is based on asymptotic arguments, there are ways to know the nonlinearity intensity. In this work, we evaluate the nonlinearity of two nonlinear regression models through the curvatures of Bates e Watts, bias of Box and the least squares estimator sampling properties by simulation study. The data are from the study, over time, of the K release from 4 animal manure in combination with 2 soils. The exponential model was more appropriate in terms of inferential and practical aspects, since by all measures showed lower nonlinearity.